Shivpreet Singh
Shivpreet Singh
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I was listening and meditating upon this beautiful ghazal by Faiz Ahmed Faiz, beautifully composed by Mehdi Hassan. It is one of my favorite ghazals of Mehndi Hassan which I first heard in a ghazal baithak at my uncle's home in the late 80s.  

People used to asked Mehdi Hassan, ‘Mehdi bhai, please sing the badalo bahar ghazal for us.’ He used to tell them it is "bad-e-naubahar" to which they would reply, ‘We don’t understand it but it is really good’. Here is an attempt to expand the aura of this beautiful ghazal by providing a better understanding of it through multiple translations. 

"Gulon Main Rang Bhare" is a love poem, in which the poet expresses his feelings of longing and desire for his beloved. The first couplet is arguably the most beautiful. The poet starts with a request: "Colors are filling the flowers, the spring breeze blows the atmosphere. O love, why don't you come so the business of the garden can continue?". Love is not a business, it is not an occupation. But the poet is preoccupied with his love. The color filling the flowers, and the spring breeze blowing gently is beautiful - but it seems empty without the love.  So, the poet requests the love to come so spring can be spring, and flowers can be flowers. 

Lyrics and three translations are given below. I love the one by Mustansir Dalvi the best.  It is truly compact and innovative. I wrote a poem inspired by this which I excerpt here:

A Breeze of Spring in Fall

- After Faiz Ahmed Faiz


I like to think of the garden
as a place with its own timetable,
a bureaucrat of blossoms and weeds
negotiating with the breeze of spring,
petals posing as unsigned documents
awaiting the flourish of love's approval.


Lyrics of Gulon Mein Rang Bhare


The following lyrics include all the seven couplets of the ghazal.  The 6th couplet was usually not sung by Mehndi Hassan; one of the translations does not include it.  

gulon mein rang bhare, baad-e-naubahaar chale
chale bhi aao ki gulshan kaa karobaar chale 

qaffas udaas hai yaro, sabaa se kuchh to kaho
kahin to bahr-e-Khudaa aaj zikr-e-yaar chale 

kabhi to subh tere kunj-e-lab se ho aagaaz
kabhi to shab sar-e-kaakul se mushkabaar chale 

bada hai dard ka rishtaa, ye dil garib sahi
tumhaare naam pe aayenge gam gusaar chale 

jo ham pe guzari so guzari magar shab-e-hijraa
hamaare ashk teri aaqabat sanawaar chale 

huzoor-e-yaar hui daftar-e-junoon ki talab
girah mein leke garebaan kaa taar taar chale 

maqaam ‘Faiz’ koii raah mein jachaa hii nahiin
jo kuu-e-yaar se nikale to suu-e-daar chale 


Gulon Main Rang Bhare Translated by Mustansir Dalvi


Like the new breeze of spring
that grants blossoms their hue,
come forth love, grant the garden
leave to go about its business.

This birdcage is forlorn.
Call upon the gentle wind, friends
to petition the Lord, if it will,
to speak of my beloved.

Let the dawn, for once, arrive
through the archway of your lips.
Let the dusk spread its perfume
like musk from your tresses.

This impoverished heart
is privileged to suffer
and, hearing your name,
to swell, leaving comfort behind.

What is done is done
but, sundering night,
know that your passing
is adorned with our tears.

So insatiable is my vehemence
to be in your presence, my love,
I bunch up my shirt in a knot
and rip its collar to shreds.

No destination along the way
has any appeal for Faiz,
a step away from his beloved’s street
is a giant leap to the gallows pole.

Translation of Gulon Mein Rang Bhare with Vocabulary


1. Gulon mein rang bhare baad-e-naubahaar* chale
Chale bhi aao ke gulshan** ka kaarobaar chale

गुलों मे रंग भरे, बाद-ए-नौबहार चले
चले भी आओ कि गुलशन का कारोबार चले

Let the breeze of a new spring, flow and Fill the flowers with colours
Please do come so that the garden can get on with its daily business

Gul गुल گل = flower

shammaa parvaanaa hon ke Gunchaa o gul
zindagii kis ko raas aa.ii hai #Shakeel badayuni

baad-e-naubahaar बाद-ए-नौ-बहार
بادِ نوبہار =breeze of new spring
Baad= here it means breeze , wind, air but also means afterwards , subsequent )
Gulshan , गुलशन
گلشن = garden/ rose garden

ai nau-bahaar-e-naaz terii nikhaton* kii KHair (*khushbu)
daaman jhaTak ke nikle tere gulsitaan se ham #Ahmed Nadeem Qasmi

Kaarobaar ,कारोबार , کاروبار = business, affair, kaamkaaj
kaarobaar-e-jahaan sanvarte hain
hosh jab be-KHudii* se miltaa hai Jigar Moradabadi ( Being besides Oneself, Intoxication, Rapture, Senseless)

2. Qafas* udaas hai yaaron sabaa** se kuchh tau kaho
Kahin to bahr-e-Khuda*** aaj zikr-e-yaar chale

कफ़स उदास है यारों सबा से कुछ तो कहो
कहीं तो बह्र-ए-खुदा आज ज़िक्र-ए-यार चले

The prison is sad, friends ask the breeze to say something
At least somewhere for God’s sake, let there be discussion of the beloved

Qafas क़फ़स قفس = cage, prison ( emphasis on ‘f’)

qafas mein jii nahiin lagtaa kisii tarah
lagaa do aag koii aashiyaan men #Altaf Hussain Hali

Sabaa सबा صبا = a gentle breeze

KHush-buu pighalte lamhon kii saanson mein kho gaii
KHush-buu kii vaadiyon mein sabaa le gaii mujhe
#Iffat Zarrin

Bahr e Khuda बहर-ए-ख़ुदा بہر خدا = khuda ke liye, for God’s sake
zikr-e-yaar ज़िक्र-ए-यार ذکرِ یار = mehboob ki baatein , mention of the beloved

maahaul saaz-gaar karo main nashe mein huun//
zikr-e-nigaah-e-yaar karo main nashe mein huun
Ganesh Bihari ‘tarz’

3. kabhi tau subah tere kunj-e-lab* se ho aaghaz**
Kabhi to shab sar-e-kaakul se mushakbaar *** chale

कभी तो सुब्ह तेरे कुन्ज-ए-लब से हो आगाज़
कभी तो शब् सर-ए-काकुल से मुश्कबार चले

At least once let the morning start from the corner of your lips ( a gentle morning kiss/touch)
At least once let the night be filled with the musky smell of your tresses

Kunj e lab कुन्ज -ए-लब کنج لب = kunj=corner. Lab =lips here it refers to a smile or a touch/ kiss
سرِ کاکل Sar e kakul सर-ए-काकुल = tresses
आग़ाज़ AaGaaz beginning, commencement,start, genesis

Ibtidaa* ishq kii hai dekh ‘amaanat’ hushyaar
ye vo aaGaaz** hai jis kaa ko.ii anjaam nahii.n (both mean beginning, start, commencement but aaghaaz also used for genesis #Amaanat Lukhnavi

Aaghaaz karna= Commence, Start
Aaghaaz hona= start
Din ka aaghaaz = start of day
Mushk-baar मुश्क-बार مشکبار = scented like musk

kah sabaa vo khulii hai zulf kahaa.n
tujh me.n buu mushk-naab* kii sii hai ( smell of pure, unadulterated musk )
#Sher Mohd Imaan

4. Jo hum pe guzri so guzri magar shab-e-hijraan*
Hamaare ashk** teri aaqibat*** sanwaar chale

जो हम पे गुज़री सो गुज़री मगर शब्-ए-हिजरां
हमारे अश्क तेरी आक़िबत संवार चले

Whatever befell me, I endured but at least on the night of separation
My tears adorned your future

Guzri — ‘z’ not ‘j’
Shab e hijraan शब-ए- हिजरां شبِ ہجراں = the night of separation ( shab = night| hijr = separation)
Ashk अश्क اشک ( k not q ) = aansoo, tears
Aaqibat आक़िबत عاقبت = the end, conclusion , future life
And aaqabat (conclusion, future, future life, life after death, other world),
http://www.websters-online-dictionary.org/definition/conclusion
future 2) other world 3) life after death 4) conclusion

5. huzuur-e-yaar huyii daftar-e-junuun* kii talab
girah men le ke girebaan kaa taar taar chale

हुज़ूर-ए-यार हुई दफ़्तर-ए-जुनूँकी तलब
गिरह मे लेके गरेबां के तार-तार चले

The beloved has summoned me to her court with my documents of infatuation
I have only my torn to tatters collar, which I take tied in a knot

Daftar e junuun دفتر جنوں = literally multitude of frenzy/ but here documentation of infatuation

Roz-e-hisaab jab mera pesh ho daftar-e-amal
Aap bhi sharmsaar ho, mujh ko bhi sharmsaar kar #Iqbal

daftar didn’t originally mean office .It was a colloquial term 4 file/folder The clerk looking after them in govt offices was called daftari, a Class IV position in govt offices.

girah गिरह گرہ = here it means a knot, but is also used for one-sixteenth of gaz(yard)
the famous song “dil ki girah khol do, chup na baitho koi geet gao”.
girebaan गरेबां گریبان = literally means the collar,the opening of breast portion of a garment
apne girebaan mein jhank kar dekho = self introspection
chaak-e-garebaan = collar torn to bits in amorous frenzy.
Girebaan-geer= adj.: accuser, one catching by neck or collar, plaintiff

aashiq hain magar ishq numaayaa’n nahiin rakhte
ham dil kii tarah chaak girebaan nahiin rakhte Bekhud dehalvi

kaanTon ko bhii ab baad-e-sabaa chheD rahii hai
phuulon ke hasiin chaak girebaan se guzar ke #Ali Jawwad Zaidi

6. Maqaam* Faiz koi raah mein jacha** hi nahin
Jo ku e yaar*** se nikle to su e daar**** chale

मक़ाम फैज़ कोई राह मे जचा ही नही
जो कू-ए-यार से निकले तो सू-ए-दार चले

No place attracted Faiz, en-route
After leaving the Beloved’s lane he headed for the gallows

Maqaam मक़ाम مقام = dwelling,occasion,place,position ( here place)
جچا जचा jacha = liked
Kuu e yaar कू-ए-यार کوئے یار = yaar ki gali , lover’s street

kitnaa hai bad-nasiib ‘zafar’ dafn ke liye
do gaz zamiin bhii na milii kuu-e-yaar me.n

yaaro kuu-e-yaar kii baate’n kare’n
phir gul o gul-zaar kii baate’n kare’n
Akhtar Shiraani

Suu e daar सू-ए-दार سُوئے دار = towards the gallows ( suu-e = towards / suu = evil, bad |
daar = gallows as here but also means house ,place )

ham na iisaa na Sarmad* o Mansur(name of a Sufi saint who was hanged for saying “I am God”)
log kyuu.n suu-e-daar le ke chale (* hanged for heresy by Aurangzeb) #Naushad Ali


Another Translation of Gulon Mein Rang Bhare


gulon mein rang bhare, baad-e-naubahaar chale
chale bhi aao ki gulshan kaa karobaar chale 

The flowers need to flush with color,
The winds need to blow in the change,
Love, would waft in like the spring?
The flowers, they need to bloom again.

qaffas udaas hai yaro, sabaa se kuchh to kaho
kahin to bahr-e-Khudaa aaj zikr-e-yaar chale 

The cage around us is still, and silent,
Please, speak of kindness into the breeze
For god’s sake, fill the quiet around us,
With beautiful descriptions of my lover.

kabhi to subh tere kunj-e-lab se ho aagaaz
kabhi to shab sar-e-kaakul se mushkabaar chale 

Someday, somewhere, my day will start
From the corner of your smiling lips,
Someday, somewhere, my day will end
With the heady perfume of your hair.

bada hai dard ka rishtaa, ye dil garib sahi
tumhaare naam pe aayenge gam gusaar chale 

The bond that pain forges is strong,
Though we, alone, have broken, weak hearts,
But we will wait, in anticipation of you,
Your call pulling us through the haze.

jo ham pe guzari so guzari magar shab-e-hijraa
hamaare ashk teri aaqabat sanawaar chale 

What we have felt, and we have borne,
Will end as this evening of separation will,
Maybe my tears will drip on your soul,
And washed it clean for your next life.

huzoor-e-yaar hui daftar-e-junoon ki talab
girah mein leke garebaan kaa taar taar chale 

We welcomed them as friends, but their
Greed was a vast, unquencing thirst,
And they tied us up, preparing our bodies
For how they carved us out into pieces.

maqaam ‘Faiz’ koii raah mein jachaa hii nahiin
jo kuu-e-yaar se nikale to suu-e-daar chale 

Unfortunately, Faiz could not find any
Solace in this exiled wanderings, home
Was nowhere to be found, nor love, and
So, I chose to find death at the gallows.


I am reading a poem of hope by the first poet laureate of California, Ina Coolbirth. I found out today that I share my birthday with her, an abode in California and after every winter, a spring. And apparently also, the philosophy of optimism and the metaphor of singing! Below is her poem, followed by a short biography. 

After the Winter Rain 


After the winter rain,
Sing, robin! Sing, swallow!
Grasses are in the lane,
Buds and flowers will follow.

Woods shall ring, blithe and gay,
With bird-trill and twitter,
Though the skies weep to-day,
And the winds are bitter.

Though deep call unto deep
As calls the thunder,
And white the billows leap
The tempest under;

Softly the waves shall come
Up the long, bright beaches,
With dainty, flowers of foam
And tenderest speeches…

After the wintry pain,
And the long, long sorrow,
Sing, heart!—for thee again
Joy comes with the morrow.

- Ina Coolbirth

Ina Coolbrith


Biography of Ina Coolbirth

Ina Coolbirth was an important figure in the literary community of 19th- and early 20th-century San Francisco. 

Ina Coolbrith was born as Josephine Smith to Mormon parents in Nauvoo, Illinois. Her uncle, Joseph Smith, was the founder of the Mormon Church, and her father passed away when she was an infant. After her mother left the church and remarried, the family relocated to California in pursuit of the Gold Rush in 1849. Ina was educated in Los Angeles and published her first poems as a teenager in local newspapers. However, a tumultuous and abusive marriage, followed by the death of her infant son, marked a difficult period in her teenage years.

In 1865, Josephine took her mother's maiden name and became Ina Donna Coolbrith. She settled in San Francisco, where she hosted salons, co-edited the journal Overland Monthly with Bret Harte, and became the first woman to be an honorary member of the Bohemian Club. In 1874, she adopted three foster children and embarked on a career as a librarian, working at the Oakland Free Public Library and fostering the early reading of Jack London and Isadora Duncan.

Ina published four collections of poetry, including A Perfect Day (1881) and Wings of Sunset (1929), showcasing her versatility in formal structures. Despite the destruction of her home and many of her poems in the 1906 San Francisco earthquake, she became California's first poet laureate in 1915. She served as the poet laureate of California until her death on February 29, 1928, in Berkeley, California.

Ina Coolbrith Park is located in San Francisco's Russian Hill and she is buried at Oakland's Mountain View Cemetery. Her grave went unmarked until 1986, when the Ina Coolbrith Circle erected a headstone in her honor.



I’m reading Billy Collin’s Today on #worldpoetryday. What a poem can do is it can create magic. It can make it spring when it’s winter. It can release prisoners who had life imprisonment. It can let the birds of wonder and hope fly. It can inspire gratitude. It can make life perfect. And all of it in just a few lines. 








Today
If ever there were a spring day so perfect,
so uplifted by a warm intermittent breeze

that it made you want to throw
open all the windows in the house

and unlatch the door to the canary's cage,
indeed, rip the little door from its jamb,

a day when the cool brick paths
and the garden bursting with peonies

seemed so etched in sunlight
that you felt like taking

a hammer to the glass paperweight
on the living room end table,

releasing the inhabitants
from their snow-covered cottage

so they could walk out,
holding hands and squinting

into this larger dome of blue and white,
well, today is just that kind of day.

Shakespeare the playwright thinks the world is a stage and everyone is playing a part in it. Likewise it would be apt for a poet to think that the world is poetry.  Whatever the world is then decides what we are to do in it.  In Shakespeare's world we are all actors and this is a stage.  And a drama is happening on each day. An interesting take from Mary Oliver is how she takes out the actors from the play, and makes the play a poem. Why not? She is a poet after all. The poet thinks that the world is a poem. 

Mary Oliver's emphasis is on taking it all in. The emphasis on looking and listening. And then not needing to do anything else. This is a poet that is well versed in vismaad, in wonder, it is her.  It only makes sense that wonder is no less service than writing poetry or acting on the world stage.  John Milton so aptly said that God doesn't need "man's work or his own gifts;" even the ones who are standing and waiting, the blind folk like him, are serving!  But while they are standing and waiting, they can be looking and listening; and Mary asserts that is the "real work." What other purpose of life is better?  You don't need to be at your desk writing poetry when it is spring. You just need to look at the woods and listen to the thrush. Looking, listening, smelling, breathing ... taking it all in. 

The Book of Time

I rose this morning early as usual, and went to my desk.
But it’s spring,
and the thrush is in the woods,
somewhere in the twirled branches, and he is singing.
And so, now, I am standing by the open door.
And now I am stepping down onto the grass.
I am touching a few leaves.
I am noticing the way the yellow butterflies
move together, in a twinkling cloud, over the field.
And I am thinking: maybe just looking and listening
is the real work.
Maybe the world, without us,
is the real poem.


- Mary Oliver
The Leaf and the Cloud.


More from the Book of Time

1.

I rose this morning early as usual, and went to my desk
But it’s spring,

and the thrush is in the woods,
somewhere in the twirled branches, and he is singing.

And so, now, I am standing by the open door.
And now I am stepping down onto the grass.

I am touching a few leaves.
I am noticing the way the yellow butterflies
move together, in a twinkling cloud, over the field.

And I am thinking: maybe just looking and listening
is the real work.

Maybe the world, without us,
is the real poem.


2.

For how many years have you gone through the house
    shutting the windows,
while the rain was still five miles away

and veering, o plum-colored clouds, to the north,
away from you

and you did not even know enough
to be sorry,

you were glad
those silver sheets, with the occasional golden staple,

were sweeping on, elsewhere,
violent and electric and uncontrollable–

and will you find yourself finally wanting to forget
all enclosures, including

the enclosure of yourself, o lonely leaf, and will you
dash finally, frantically,

to the windows and haul them open and lean out
to the dark, silvered sky, to everything

that is beyond capture, shouting
I’m here, I’m here! Now, now, now, now, now.

3.

I dreamed
I was traveling

from one country
to another

jogging
on the back
of a white horse
whose hooves

were the music
of dust and gravel
whose halter
was made of the leafy braids

of flowers,
whose name
was Earth.
And it never

grew tired
though the sun
went down
like a thousand roses

and the stars
put their white faces
in front of the black branches
above us

and then
there was nothing around us
but water
and the white horse

turned suddenly
like a bolt of white cloth

opening
under the cloth cutter’s deft hands

and became
a swan.
Its red tongue
flickered out

as it perceived
my great surprise
my huge and unruly pleasure
my almost unmanageable relief. . . .

4.

“‘Whoever shall be guided so far towards the mysteries of love, by
contemplating beautiful things rightly in due order, is approaching the last
grade. Suddenly he will behold a beauty marvellous in its nature, that very
Beauty, Socrates, for the sake of which all the earlier hardships had been
borne: in the first place, everlasting, and never being born nor perishing,
neither increasing nor diminishing; secondly, not beautiful here and ugly
there, not beautiful now and ugly then, not beautiful in one direction and
ugly in another direction, not beautiful in one place and ugly in another
place. Again, this beauty will not show itself like a face or hands or any
bodily thing at all, nor as a discourse or a science, nor indeed as residing in
anything, as in a living creature or in earth or heaven or anything else,
but being by itself with itself always in simplicity; while all the beautiful
things elsewhere partake of this beauty in such manner, that when they are
born and perish it becomes neither less nor more and nothing at all
happens to it. . . .'”

5.

What secrets fly out of the earth
when I push the shovel-edge,
when I heave the dirt open?

And if there are no secrets
what is that smell that sweetness rising?

What is my name,
o what is my name
that I may offer it back
to the beautiful world?

Have I walked
long enough
where the sea breaks raspingly
all day and all night upon the pale sand?

Have I admired sufficiently the little hurricane
of the hummingbird?

the heavy
thumb
of the blackberry?

the falling star?

6.

Count the roses, red and fluttering.
Count the roses, wrinkled and salt.
Each with its yellow lint at the center.
Each with its honey pooled and ready.
Do you have a question that can’t be answered?
Do the stars frighten you by their heaviness
    and their endless number?
Does it bother you, that mercy is so difficult to
    understand?
For some souls it’s easy; they lie down on the sand
    and are soon asleep.
For others, the mind shivers in its glacial palace,
    and won’t come.
Yes, the mind takes a long time, is otherwise occupied
than by happiness, and deep breathing.
Now, in the distance, some bird is singing.
And now I have gathered six or seven deep red,
    half-opened cups of petals between my hands,
and now I have put my face against them
and now I am moving my face back and forth, slowly,
    against them.
The body is not much more than two feet and a tongue.
Come to me, says the blue sky, and say the word.
And finally even the mind comes running, like a wild thing,
    and lies down in the sand.
Eternity is not later, or in any unfindable place.
Roses, roses, roses, roses.

7.

Even now
I remember something

the way a flower
in a jar of water

remembers its life
in the perfect garden

the way a flower
in a jar of water

remembers its life
as a closed seed

the way a flower
in a jar of water

steadies itself
remembering itself

long ago
the plunging roots

the gravel the rain
the glossy stem

the wings of the leaves
the swords of the leaves

rising and clashing
for the rose of the sun

the salt of the stars
the crown of the wind

the beds of the clouds
the blue dream

the unbreakable circle.
Reading A Prayer in Spring, a poem about gratitude and love. 




A Prayer in Spring
- Robert Frost

Oh, give us pleasure in the flowers to-day;
And give us not to think so far away
As the uncertain harvest; keep us here
All simply in the springing of the year.

Oh, give us pleasure in the orchard white,
Like nothing else by day, like ghosts by night;
And make us happy in the happy bees,
The swarm dilating round the perfect trees.

And make us happy in the darting bird
That suddenly above the bees is heard,
The meteor that thrusts in with needle bill,
And off a blossom in mid air stands still.

For this is love and nothing else is love,
The which it is reserved for God above
To sanctify to what far ends He will,
But which it only needs that we fulfil.
Spring, flowers and gardens usually form positive metaphors for love and beauty.  Like Robert Frost aptly says, poets are "slave[s] to a springtime passion for the earth". For instance, a Buddhist song Phool ko Aakha Ma the writer says:

In the eyes of a flower, the world appears as a flower
In the eyes of a thorn, the world appears as a thorn
The shadow is cast according to the (size of the) object

But a flower can be a foe as good as he is a friend.  I was reading Tulips by Sylvia Plath this Spring season which explores the negative aspect of Spring and came across an article from Dawn (see below) with a couple of Mirza Ghalib couplets that also go in this direction.

Narcissus or Daffodil

There is an older sher that Ghalib wrote but did not include in his diwaan. But I like this better than the one he included: 

baagh tujh bin gul-e-nargis se Daraataa hai mujhe
chaahuuN gar sair-e-chaman aaNkh dikhaataa hai mujhe

Without you the garden scares me with the daffodil
If I want to take a stroll, he stares at me

This is the sher he actually included in his diwaan: 

baagh paa kar KHafaqaanii ye Daraataa hai mujhe
saaya-e-shaaKH-e-gul af.ii nazar aataa hai mujhe

Noticing my palpitations, the garden tries to scare me
The shadow of the flower's branch looks like a snake to me

I guess every love has fear
every flower has its shadow!

Baag Pa Kar Khafqani - Complete Ghazal


The complete ghazal is below.  For more on this ghazal see research by Pritchett.

baagh paa kar KHafaqaanii ye Daraataa hai mujhe
saaya-e-shaaKH-e-gul af.ii nazar aataa hai mujhe

jauhar-e-tegh ba-sar-chashma-e-diigar maaluum
huuN maiN vo sabza ki zahraab ugaataa hai mujhe

mudda.aa mahv-e-tamaashaa-e-shikast-e-dil hai
aa.ina-KHaana meN ko.ii liye jaataa hai mujhe

naala sarmaaya-e-yak-aalam o aalam kaf-e-KHaak
aasmaaN baiza-e-quamrii nazar aataa hai mujhe

zindagii meN to vo mahfil se uThaa dete the
dekhuuN ab mar ga.e par kaun uThaataa hai mujhe

baagh tujh bin gul-e-nargis se Daraataa hai mujhe
chaahuuN gar sair-e-chaman aaNkh dikhaataa hai mujhe

shor-e-timsaal hai kis rashk-e-chaman kaa yaa rab
aa.ina baiza-e-bulbul nazar aataa hai mujhe

hairat-e-aa.ina anjaam-e-junuuN huuN jyuuN sham.a
kis qadar daagh-e-jigar shola uThaataa hai mujhe

maiN huuN aur hairat-e-jaaved magar zauq-e-KHayaal
ba-fusuun-e-nigah-e-naaz sataataa hai mujhe

hairat-e-fikr-e-suKHan saaz-e-salaamat hai 'asad'
dil pas-e-zaanuu-e-aa.iina biThaataa hai mujhe



Article from Dawn: Gardens of the Heart


Garden imagery can be allegorical, metaphorical or simply romantic. In classical Persian and Urdu ghazal, the garden represents a microcosm of creation. It is the space where the beloved preens. The rose, nightingale, tulip, narcissus, cypress and grass are metaphors of the garden’s landscape, each imbued with multiple valences, imagined and reimagined by poets across centuries.

Spring is the beloved’s messenger; the rose its representation. Warm breezes revive the garden with fragrance which, like wine, intoxicates the trees and flowers that sway with joy. The tulip brings good tidings; the lily with its multiple tongues reveals secrets, the blue-robed violet bows its head in prayer. Methods of personification give everything a function and an attribute. The tulip is branded by love. The narcissus is all eyes. The lily all tongue. Water is the life-giving force.

The symbol of the world garden is the rose; emblem of all that is beautiful, transient and fading. The nightingale’s lament arises from the notion that the rose’s smile foreshadows its scattering. My focus is Mirza Asadullah Khan Ghalib’s poetry garden. Ghalib produced remarkable poetry in two languages that, despite sharing many aspects of the ghazal tradition, drew on culturally specific themes. Access to a variety of themes gave Ghalib’s poetry an unusual edginess. For example, while Ghalib’s garden mirrors Persian tropes, he complicates the familiar images with far-fetched metaphors. He had a penchant for playing with perceptions of reality. As seen from his early poetry, Ghalib projects the garden as a mysterious place, almost illusory, even frightening and forbidding without the beloved:

Baagh tujh bin gul-i-nargis se daraata hai mujhe
Chaahoon gar sair-i-chaman aankh dikhaata hai mujhe


[In your absence, the garden frightens me with the narcissus/ If I want to take a stroll, it glares at me]

I was tempted to translate the verse as: “The narcissus scares me in your absence/ It glares at me if I venture for a stroll.” But Ghalib is saying that the garden intimidates, using the narcissus’s eyes to scare. Clearly, the key point here is ‘tujh bin’ [without you]. The garden belongs to the beloved. But there is a fine puzzle here. Why does the garden want to intimidate the lover? Why are the narcissus’s beautiful eyes fear-invoking? An answer could be that the crazed lover is hallucinating. Separation makes the lover fearful and the fear is projected on the garden. However we choose to read this verse, one cannot escape the wildly fantastic image of the garden, usually a paradise, now transformed into an enchanted space where flowers stare forbiddingly.

But Ghalib wasn’t happy with this opening verse and replaced it with a less obscure, more frightening verse:

Baagh paa ker khafqaani yeh daraata hai mujhe
Saya-i-shaakh-i-gul afaee nazar aata hai mujhe

[Sensing my unreasonable fears, the garden frightens me/ A flowering branch’s shadow looks a snake to me]

So, it appears that the lover-protagonist is prone to unreasonable fears; his heart palpitates in high rhythm at the slightest provocation. The lover goes out to the garden, but is so anxious in his state of separation that a flowering branch looks like a snake. Ghalib cleverly alludes to the snake in the garden of Paradise to add another layer of meaning. The lover goes to the garden alone, therefore he is guilt-ridden; the garden, the beloved’s home, sensing this fear plays on it. The imagery is once again fantasy filled. The lover is now in the garden, but plagued with snakes and other fear-invoking thoughts.

Ghalib’s contemporary, Imam Bakhsh Nasikh, has an excellent verse — more striking and picturesque — on a similar theme:

Kya shab-i-mahtaab main be yar jaoon bagh ko
Sare patton ko bana deti hai khanjar chandni

[Going to the garden on a moonlit night without my lover?/ Moonbeams make leaves into daggers]; or, [How can I go to the garden on moonlit nights without my lover?/ All leaves become daggers in the moonlight]

Nasikh talks about two extremely romantic things for a lover — moonlit nights and gardens — and beautifully plays on visual tricks that moonlight produces. Presumably the trees are mango or Asoka, with long pointy leaves that glint like daggers in the moonlight. Love and daggers go together in the ghazal world. The pain of separation is like a dagger in the heart. In a moonlit garden, separation’s pain is intensified to the point that all leaves are like daggers. Nasikh’s imagery is silvery, not dark or disturbing, even though he talks of daggers, because we are familiar with the trope. Ghalib’s imagery is tense and disquieting. Both poets approach the garden as a meeting place for lovers, but the symbolism they use is quite different.

For an example that illustrates the multivalences of the garden in Urdu poetry:

Main chaman mein kya gaya goya daabistan khul gaya
Bulbulen sun kar mere nale ghazal khwan ho gayen

[I had barely entered the garden — when a school opened, so to speak/ Bulbuls hearing my laments began reciting ghazals]

The bulbul is known for its lilting song that tells a thousand stories of love. The bird symbolises eternal love for the rose, and its song is unparalleled. Now, Ghalib the poet has surpassed the bulbul’s song. He is the master of poetry’s garden. No sooner does the master poet enter the garden or poetic gathering, the bulbuls break into song. Their song can be interpreted in several ways. First, that they acknowledge the poet’s stature as a master and sing their own song by way of repetition, creating a classroom-like atmosphere. The verse’s second line adds another dimension. The poet’s lament-song was so effective and melodious that bulbuls, known for their soul-stirring song, became ghazal reciters. The key to this verse lies in the subtle link between birdsong and ghazal. The verse demonstrates the understated slippage between the garden as a place for lovers and the garden as space for poetry. The song is metrically perfect; so is the ghazal. The pain of love is common to both. The perfect lament is ecstasy.

The columnist is associate professor in the Department of Middle Eastern and South Asian Languages and Cultures at the University of Virginia

Published in Dawn, Books & Authors, April 8th, 2018
Nanak Gupas Maal: Nanak weaves a Garland


Springtime, the season of rejuvenation and exuberance, brings life back to the land after the long slumber of winter. With its gentle winds, blooming flowers, and warmer days, spring awakens the natural world from its dormant state, inviting everyone to join in nature's grand celebration. Through the words of renowned writers and poets, we can witness the joy and excitement that spring brings to people's hearts and minds. This essay delves into the essence of spring, exploring its transformative power, the symphony it orchestrates in the garden, its influence on human emotions, and the inspiration it offers to embrace life's uncertainties.

The Awakening of the Land


As Lewis Grizzard beautifully said, "Springtime is the land awakening." After months of cold and darkness, nature stirs with life as the first rays of the sun kiss the earth. The buds on trees begin to unfurl, and vibrant flowers start to bloom, painting the world in a riot of colors. Robin Williams aptly described spring as nature's way of saying, "Let's party!" Indeed, it is a festive occasion where life throws off its wintry cloak and rejoices in the promise of warmer days and new beginnings.

The Symphony of Spring


In spring, the gardener becomes a mere instrument in the grand symphony conducted by nature, as Geoffrey B. Charlesworth astutely observed. The gardener's efforts may contribute to the beauty of the garden, but the real composer behind this masterpiece is the season itself. Spring orchestrates the blooming flowers, the buzzing bees, the singing birds, and the rustling leaves, all blending harmoniously in a delightful composition.

Spring Fever: Embracing the Unseen


Mark Twain described the enchantment of spring fever, a name for the ineffable longing that overcomes us during this season. Spring casts a spell upon our hearts, making us yearn for something intangible and undefined. It's an intense desire for a change, for new experiences, and for a taste of life's wonders. Rainer Maria Rilke's words capture the fervor of spring, where the blooming colors seem like voices, unleashing an overwhelming shrieking into the heart of the night.

April's Green Traffic Light


In April, the world dons a green traffic light, and as Christopher Morley put it, the world thinks, "Go." Spring is the time for action and progress, much like the green signal urging us forward. Just as the world wakes up to the call of spring, humans also feel inspired to pursue their dreams, set new goals, and embark on new adventures.

The Contrast of Springtime


Charles Dickens eloquently depicted the paradox of a March day, where the sun's warmth clashes with the lingering winter chill. This contrast symbolizes the transitional nature of spring, mirroring life's own contrasts. Spring serves as a reminder that change is inevitable, and every season, like every phase in life, has its unique blend of light and shade.

Embracing the Uncertainty


George Herbert's quote reflects the fleeting nature of spring, reminding us not to take it for granted. Similarly, Charles Dudley Warner advises us to seize the opportunities presented by spring and embrace life's uncertainties. Just as spring may bring unexpected weather patterns, life may take unpredictable turns, but that should not deter us from savoring the beauty of the present moment and hoping for the best.

Nature's Grand Celebration


Spring is nature's grand celebration, awakening the land and filling it with colors and life. It conducts a symphony where every living being plays its part, harmonizing with the enchanting rhythm of the season. Spring fever ignites a desire for change and new experiences, pushing us forward like a green traffic light. However, spring also teaches us to appreciate life's contrasts and uncertainties, reminding us to enjoy the best anticipations and embrace whatever comes our way.

As we immerse ourselves in the delights of spring, let us not forget the profound lessons it imparts. Spring is not just a season; it's an experience that stirs our souls, invigorates our spirits, and encourages us to dance to nature's joyful tune. So, let's heed the call of spring and join in the celebration of life's endless possibilities.


Quotes and Poetry


Springtime is the land awakening. The March winds are the morning yawn. ~Quoted by Lewis Grizzard in Kathy Sue Loudermilk, I Love You

Spring is nature's way of saying, "Let's party!" ~Robin Williams

Spring makes its own statement, so loud and clear that the gardener seems to be only one of the instruments, not the composer. ~Geoffrey B. Charlesworth

April prepares her green traffic light and the world thinks Go. ~Christopher Morley, John Mistletoe

Hee that is in a towne in May loseth his spring. ~George Herbert

It was one of those March days when the sun shines hot and the wind blows cold: when it is summer in the light, and winter in the shade. ~Charles Dickens, Great Expectations

Everything is blooming most recklessly; if it were voices instead of colors, there would be an unbelievable shrieking into the heart of the night. ~Rainer Maria Rilke, Letters of Rainer Maria Rilke

It's spring fever. That is what the name of it is. And when you've got it, you want - oh, you don't quite know what it is you do want, but it just fairly makes your heart ache, you want it so! ~Mark Twain

Hoe while it is spring, and enjoy the best anticipations. It is not much matter if things do not turn out well. ~Charles Dudley Warner

Awake, thou wintry earth -
Fling off thy sadness!
Fair vernal flowers, laugh forth
Your ancient gladness!
~Thomas Blackburn, "An Easter Hymn"

I love spring anywhere, but if I could choose I would always greet it in a garden. ~Ruth Stout

No matter how long the winter, spring is sure to follow. ~Proverb

Spring is when you feel like whistling even with a shoe full of slush. ~Doug Larson

Science has never drummed up quite as effective a tranquilizing agent as a sunny spring day. ~W. Earl Hall

If we had no winter, the spring would not be so pleasant; if we did not sometimes taste of adversity, prosperity would not be so welcome. ~Anne Bradstreet

The year's at the spring
And day's at the morn;
Morning's at seven;
The hillside's dew-pearled;
The lark's on the wing;
The snail's on the thorn;
God's in His heaven -
All's right with the world!
~Robert Browning

No winter lasts forever; no spring skips its turn. ~Hal Borland

Spring shows what God can do with a drab and dirty world. ~Virgil A. Kraft

April is a promise that May is bound to keep. ~Hal Borland

Where man sees but withered leaves,
God sees sweet flowers growing.
~Albert Laighton

That God once loved a garden we learn in Holy writ.
And seeing gardens in the Spring I well can credit it.
~Winifred Mary Letts

In June as many as a dozen species may burst their buds on a single day. No man can heed all of these anniversaries; no man can ignore all of them. ~Aldo Leopold

In the spring, at the end of the day, you should smell like dirt. ~Margaret Atwood

Indoors or out, no one relaxes in March, that month of wind and taxes, the wind will presently disappear, the taxes last us all the year. ~Ogden Nash

And Spring arose on the garden fair,
Like the Spirit of Love felt everywhere;
And each flower and herb on Earth's dark breast
rose from the dreams of its wintry rest.
~Percy Bysshe Shelley, "The Sensitive Plant"

Every spring is the only spring - a perpetual astonishment. ~Ellis Peters

Spring is sooner recognized by plants than by men. ~Chinese Proverb

The naked earth is warm with Spring,
And with green grass and bursting trees
Leans to the sun's kiss glorying,
And quivers in the sunny breeze.
~Julian Grenfell

In the spring I have counted one hundred and thirty-six different kinds of weather inside of four and twenty hours. ~Mark Twain

Our spring has come at last with the soft laughter of April suns and shadow of April showers. ~Byron Caldwell Smith, letter to Kate Stephens

Every April, God rewrites the Book of Genesis. ~Author Unknown

Under the giving snow blossoms a daring spring. ~Terri Guillemets

O, wind, if winter comes, can spring be far behind? ~Percy Bysshe Shelley

You can cut all the flowers but you cannot keep spring from coming. ~Pablo Neruda

[W]ell-apparell'd April on the heel
Of limping winter treads...
~William Shakespeare

I think that no matter how old or infirm I may become, I will always plant a large garden in the spring. Who can resist the feelings of hope and joy that one gets from participating in nature's rebirth? ~Edward Giobbi

Spring has returned. The Earth is like a child that knows poems. ~Rainer Maria Rilke

The sun was warm but the wind was chill.
You know how it is with an April day.
~Robert Frost

To be interested in the changing seasons is a happier state of mind than to be hopelessly in love with spring. ~George Santayana

The first day of spring is one thing, and the first spring day is another. The difference between them is sometimes as great as a month. ~Henry Van Dyke

Spring is not the best of seasons.
Cold and flu are two good reasons;
wind and rain and other sorrow,
warm today and cold tomorrow.
~Author Unknown

The sun has come out... and the air is vivid with spring light. ~Byron Caldwell Smith, letter to Kate Stephens

I want to do to you what spring does with the cherry trees. ~Pablo Neruda

April hath put a spirit of youth in everything. ~William Shakespeare

Out with the cold, in with the woo. ~E. Marshall, "Spring Thought"

A little madness in the Spring
Is wholesome even for the King.
~Emily Dickinson

The day the Lord created hope was probably the same day he created Spring. ~Bern Williams

Yesterday the twig was brown and bare;
To-day the glint of green is there;
Tomorrow will be leaflets spare;
I know no thing so wondrous fair,
No miracle so strangely rare.
I wonder what will next be there!
~L.H. Bailey

If I had my life to live over, I would start barefoot earlier in the spring and stay that way later in the fall. ~Nadine Stair

Poor, dear, silly Spring, preparing her annual surprise! ~Wallace Stevens

Hark! the hours are softly calling
Bidding Spring arise
To listen to the rain-drops falling
From the cloudy skies
To listen to Earth's weary voices
Louder every day
Bidding her no longer linger
On her charm'd way
But hasten to her task of beauty
Scarcely yet begun.
~Adelaide Anne Procter

The front door to springtime is a photographer's best friend. ~Terri Guillemets

The first day of spring was once the time for taking the young virgins into the fields, there in dalliance to set an example in fertility for nature to follow. Now we just set the clocks an hour ahead and change the oil in the crankcase. ~E.B. White, "Hot Weather," One Man's Meat, 1944

Now every field is clothed with grass, and every tree with leaves; now the woods put forth their blossoms, and the year assumes its gay attire. ~Virgil

First a howling blizzard woke us,
Then the rain came down to soak us,
And now before the eye can focus —
Crocus. ~Lilja Rogers

If spring betrays summer, would autumn never arrive? ~Terri Guillemets

May is a pious fraud of the almanac. ~James R. Lowell

You can't see Canada across lake Erie, but you know it's there. It's the same with spring. You have to have faith, especially in Cleveland. ~Paul Fleischman

It's spring! Farewell
To chills and colds!
The blushing, girlish
World unfolds
Each flower, leaf
And blade of sod—
Small letters sent
To her from God.
~John Updike, "April," A Child’s Calendar, 1965

People ask me what I do in winter when there's no baseball. I'll tell you what I do. I stare out the window and wait for spring. ~Rogers Hornsby

The seasons are what a symphony ought to be: four perfect movements in harmony with each other. ~Arthur Rubenstein
Here are some thoughts on the poem "Bye-Bye" by Derek Sheffield

Everything happens in Spring. Creation, Preservation and Destruction. The cycle of life goes on. It is interesting, how the poet takes a negative angle on Spring, mostly used by poets of yore as the positive season, full of life and activity. Here the spring is the one who is violent, disturbing the serenity and pure whiteness of snow.  

The poet starts out with death on the subject of Spring:

The animal of winter is dying,
its white body everywhere
in collapse and stabbed at
by straws of   light,


Winter is leaving.  It is leaving like an animal would die. How apt for winter to be an animal - seasons are like organisms that are alive, and then they die.  It is as if straws of light were stabbing snow everywhere and making snow melt.  Thus a calm season is being replaced by a violent one.



                       a leaving
to believe in as the air
slowly fills with darkness


The whiteness is giving way to darkness.  Solidity is giving way to liquidity.

and water drains from the tub
where my daughter, watching it
lower around her, feeling it
go, says about the only thing
she can

The change of season -- the whiteness giving way to darkness, and solidity giving way to liquidity -- is witnessed by the poet's daughter.  This is th new world she will inherit.  She cannot do much about it.


       as if it were a long-
kept breath going with her
blessing of dribble and fleck.


The daughter views this change of season as if it were a long-kept breath.  It is inevitable for this to happen. The small blessings that she has are also sinking along with the melted water.

Down it swirls a living drill
vanishing toward a land
where tomorrow already
fixes its bright eye on a man
muttering his way into a crowd,
saying about the only thing
he can before his body
goes boom.


This change, noticeable by the daughter in a subtle mannger now, will manifest in larger ways in the future (tomorrow). In the future there will be people who go into a crowd and blow themselves to pieces.

           And tomorrow,
I will count more dark shapes
tumbling from the sky, birds
returning to scarcity, offering
in their seesawing songs
a kind of   liquidity.


Because of the bombs, some birds will fall from the sky returning to scarcity -- less from where we started from.  The falling birds have dark shapes compared to the whiteness of the snow that we started from.  The birds' songs are seesawing from solidity to liquidity.  From presence to destruction.   From peace to terrorism and back and forth.

A new season of suicide bombings and terrorism is what the daughter will grow up in. We would have lost the solidity of our old season.  A sinking liquidity would have taken over instead.

Published in Poetry" http://www.poetryfoundation.org/poetrymagazine/poem/245784#poem
Spring

Green-shadowed people sit, or walk in rings,
Their children finger the awakened grass,
Calmly a cloud stands, calmly a bird sings,
And, flashing like a dangled looking-glass,
Sun lights the balls that bounce, the dogs that bark,
The branch-arrested mist of leaf, and me,
Threading my pursed-up way across the park,
An indigestible sterility.

Spring, of all seasons most gratuitous,
Is fold of untaught flower, is race of water,
Is earth's most multiple, excited daughter;

And those she has least use for see her best,
Their paths grown craven and circuitous,
Their visions mountain-clear, their needs immodest.

High Windows

When I see a couple of kids
And guess he's fucking her and she's
Taking pills or wearing a diaphragm,
I know this is paradise

Everyone old has dreamed of all their lives--
Bonds and gestures pushed to one side
Like an outdated combine harvester,
And everyone young going down the long slide

To happiness, endlessly. I wonder if
Anyone looked at me, forty years back,
And thought, That'll be the life;
No God any more, or sweating in the dark

About hell and that, or having to hide
What you think of the priest. He
And his lot will all go down the long slide
Like free bloody birds. And immediately

Rather than words comes the thought of high windows:
The sun-comprehending glass,
And beyond it, the deep blue air, that shows
Nothing, and is nowhere, and is endless.


Coming

On longer evenings,
Light, chill and yellow,
Bathes the serene
Foreheads of houses.
A thrush sings,
Laurel-surrounded
In the deep bare garden,
Its fresh-peeled voice
Astonishing the brickwork.
It will be spring soon,
It will be spring soon —
And I, whose childhood
Is a forgotten boredom,
Feel like a child
Who comes on a scene
Of adult reconciling,
And can understand nothing
But the unusual laughter,
And starts to be happy.


The trees

The trees are coming into leaf
Like something almost being said;
The recent buds relax and spread,
Their greenness is a kind of grief.

Is it that they are born again
And we grow old? No, they die too,
Their yearly trick of looking new
Is written down in rings of grain.

Yet still the unresting castles thresh
In fullgrown thickness every May.
Last year is dead, they seem to say,
Begin afresh, afresh, afresh.





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SHIVPREET SINGH

Singing oneness!
- Shivpreet Singh

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